Journal questions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal questions - Article Example Stories are an excellent way of attaining management objectives; however, the managers must use different narrative patterns for different aims. Discuss this statement while giving examples of occasions when managers will use a particular narrative pattern? I believe that question one provides the historical perspectives and characteristics of stories. Question two is more detailed since it requires one to understand the purpose of stories and factors that may impact on the success of the story. Question three is a better question than two since it considers the use of stories in business organisations and narrative patterns of stories. Question four is an application question that requires the learner to utilize the knowledge of use of stories in inspiring values and beliefs in organisation. Question five is also an application question that tests the overall understanding of storytelling in organisation. Personally, I believe question three is more academic and

Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and International Human Essay

Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and International Human Rights - Essay Example Most of the non-governmental organisations that champion for women rights’ are under United Nations. United Nations member states adopt several treaties that seek to protect the rights of women. The Charter of United Nations recognises that persons have basic human rights and should live a dignified-life. In addition, the Charter prevents all forms of discrimination because every person is has equal freedom regardless of gender. Discrimination against women infringes the rights and respect for human solemnity. It limits women from taking an active part in political, social, cultural, and economic developments in their country. In addition, inequality between in genders demeans women’s contributions in the family, society, and in individual states. This is because women do not have enough space to exploit their potentials. In the light of this, United Nations has entered into several treaties that seek to cushion women from any form of discrimination (General Assembly). This paper will analyse the convention of elimination of discrimination against women. It will then endeavour to highlight the contribution of the convention to development of international human rights. Women have been on the receiving end of all forms and mannerisms of men behaviour. Patriarchy dominates virtually all the indigenous and marginalised societies. Men perpetrate all forms of discrimination to women. Women suffer because they are voiceless in presence of male dominated societies. Discrimination against women happens in all sectors. These forms of discrimination include forced relocation from women’s ancestral lands, pollution and destruction of their homes, limited or no education at all, and poor health care. Other human right’s violations that women face include rape, domestic violence, forced sterilisations, and inadequate reproductive health care. These vices have significantly limited women participation in national and international matters. These b ad experiences of women have attracted the international attention to provide an amicable solution. Women use various ways to demand for call for recognition of their human rights. These are efforts to end discrimination and oppression of women (Kambel, 2004). United Nations stepped forward to safe women from wrath of patriarchal nature of society. It did this through signing of various treaties that recognises women rights. United Nations is replete with regional commissions, specialised agencies, programs, and other instruments to address the plight of women. Nations have presented entities that seek to recognise women rights. The countries do so in the international circles. The commitment of all the world society structures is to achieve equality and human rights. Steiner (2008: 175) notes that the number of movements advocating for women rights has increased over the years. Leaders and champions of human rights hold international conferences with the main goal of reducing the g ap between men and women. Non- governmental organisations are in the forefront to advance the efforts to eliminate discrimination against women. Women have formed movement aiming to draw the attention of international community to recognise their rights (Steiner, 2008:173). The lessons that international community learned from the tragedies of Second World War led to signing of the Charter of United Nations. The aim of this alliance was to bring peace, mutual aid, and human rights

Predict human behaviour Essay Example for Free

Predict human behaviour Essay Dissonance theory accepts that we have these inconsistencies and basically says as humans we strive to smooth out any inconsistencies. This theory is best explained with an example; Jenny works everyday but today her sister is going shopping and has asked Jenny if she would like to come. Jenny should go to work and does. Jennys knowledge that she is missing out on the shopping trip is known as a dissonant cognition, whereas the knowledge that she has come to work and is earning some money is a consonant cognition. Her dissonance will increase even more if the trip is to an out-of-town shopping complex as opposed to the small local centre. Individuals do not want to have dissonant cognition therefore try to reduce it. Jenny can do this in a number of ways; firstly, she can keep telling herself about the extra money she is earning and perhaps convince herself that she had a pleasurable day at work. She could also reduce the dissonant cognition by telling herself she would have only spent money on things she cannot afford and doesnt really need. Consonant cognitions justify a persons chosen action and the greater the benefit of something, the greater the justification and the lower the state of dissonance. If however the benefit of the consonant cognition is only small then the dissonance will increase. Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) tested this theory by getting subjects to perform really dull tasks for an hour then asked them to tell the next subjects that the tasks were rather interesting. Subjects were offered either $20 or $1 for lying. Festinger and Carlsmith were interested in how the subjects felt after telling the lie. According to dissonance theory their feelings should depend on the amount of money they were paid. Subjects receiving $20 should feel little dissonance because the larger amount of money justifies lying. The subjects who received $1 should feel greater dissonance because the money didnt justify lying and these subjects would try and convince themselves the task was in fact quite enjoyable, in order to reduce dissonance. Festinger and Carlsmith found subjects in the $1 condition reported a more favourable attitude towards the task, which is consistent with the original predictions. Bem (1967) suggested that a persons behaviour is what shapes their attitude, for example (to quote Bem) since I eat brown bread then I must like brown bread. This logic could be linked with Festinger and Carlsmiths study because if the second lot of subjects were told the tasks were interesting then they would take this opinion on board and actually find the tasks interesting. Assimilation-Contrast Theory (Sherif and Hovland, 1961), this suggests we people favour their own attitudes and if a person comes across another person with an attitude relatively close to their own then they perceive it to resemble their own attitude more than it actually does (this is the assimilation part of the theory) and they will evaluate it in a more positive way by seeing it as fair. Basically this suggests people are biased when it comes to their attitudes because people will accept anything that resembles a similar attitude to their own. Attitudes which had less in common with their attitudes would be rejected and seen as unfair (this is the contrast part of the theory). This is mainly because assimilating attitudes is much easier than trying to accommodate new attitudes. The theory of reasoned behaviour (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975) suggests that subjective norms (which are beliefs about what is appropriate behaviour in a situation) and attitude towards the behaviour (based on expectancies and values) suggest a behavioural intention which then predicts behaviour. The definition of attitude and intention in this context is very similar and doesnt define in strong enough terms exactly what the intentions derived are. All this evidence shows varying approaches towards the attitude-behaviour link, some in support of attitude predicting behaviour and some against it. To say that attitude has three main parts which are highly correlated draws up too many contradictions to conclude it as the best theory, the single model provides more scope to address these contradictions but dissonance theory which suggest we will have inconsistencies and will just strive to balance them is a much more realistic proposal of how attitude links with and predicts behaviour. The evidence shows that there is a link between attitude and how it can predict behaviour but it is not to the extent that you can say it predicts a persons behaviour every time in all situations. References * McDougall, W. (1960) an introduction to social psychology 23rd ed. London New York. Methuen, Barnes Noble. * Mills, J. (1969) experimental social psychology. New York London. MacMillan, Collier-Macmillan * Ajzen, I. (1980) http://socialpsychology.org/ Does understanding a persons attitude help us to predict their behaviour?

Coca-Cola Advertisement Essay -- Business Analysis

What could possibly be more American than apple pie, baseball or the anonymous World War II kiss? Coca- Cola, of course! Coke’s strong pathos resonates as a symbol of America’s golden years. The Coke bottle montage adorned in pictures of unforgettable American events, artists and past times embodies what it truly means to be American. To be American means to take pride in your country and represent as a unit, not as an individual. All the components that have compose this montage grasp the concept of American patriotism. One of the most identified brands in the world: Coca-Cola has distinguished itself as a symbol of American pride. Since, its 1886 debut, Coca-Cola has been the world leader in â€Å"Delicious and Refreshing† soft drinks. This timeless classic has captivated and supported audience’s morale for decades. The modern Coca-Cola advertisement conveys the message that effervescent classic never dies. The icons displayed are testament of the longevity of an active human lifestyle as their legacies hold strong. Each one has played an active role in the American dream. This advertisement is designed in a way most recognizable. The importance of the trademark insignia is reminiscent of the times. The Coca- Cola logo present in the advertisement is that from 1969 where the ribbon device Arden Square with Dynamic Ribbon, was introduced (â€Å"Trademark Chronology†). Similar to the American flag the ribbon flows. The Arden Square with Dynamic Ribbon device is still present similar to the memories of the greats (i.e. Elvis) with minor alteration (â€Å"Trademark Chronology†). The advertisement uses pathos to appeal to the audience through collage pictures of various American classics. But before the revolution of Classic Coca-Cola came th... ... ideal projection of the values for this advertisement focuses on the patriotism of America and how it ties in with Coca-Colas image. These ideal include confidence, recouping after a failure as they did with the† New Coke Advertisement†, and a sense of unity for country and fellow man. Works Cited â€Å"Coke Lore: Trademark Chronology.† The Coca-Cola Company, 2006. Web. 15 February 2010. History. â€Å"Coke Lore: The Real Story of New Coke.† The Coca-Cola Company, 2006. Web. 15 February 2010. Simon and Schuster. â€Å"The Beatles: Biography.† Rolling Stones, 2001. Web. 15 February 2010. Barbara Haberman. â€Å"Marilyn Monroe: Biography.† Marilyn Monroe, 1 June 1 2004. Web. 15 February 2010. Raecroy, A. â€Å"Coca-Cola Advertisement†. Advertisement. Toxel.com 2 Aug. 2008 Web. 1 Feb. 2010.

Disney Movies

The negative influence of Disney movies on children Disney movies have a target audience of young impressionable children. Although Disney movies on first glance are entertaining and educational for the young mind it actually has many hidden messages that children do not realize are negative and believe that what they see is what is true. Disney movies contain a negative representations that are racist towards ethnic groups, sexism towards the behaviour and treatment of women, and construct false realities which are destructive to the human dignity.Disney movies contain stereotypical ideologies related to ethnicity that construct a negative representation. In many different Disney movies different ethnic groups are represented in different shapes and forms, some positive, others very offensive. As young children watch these movies they are exposed to all it's content and belive that what they see is true. Disney does not directly display the racism but make it so that it is infered. Specifically, in a Disney movie the black community is shown as hyennas.The hyennas are represented as noisy, rude, and disruptive. For instance, when a boy was walking down the street with his mother a group of black children were playing in the park. The boy told his mother that the hyennas were behind them. The boy who watched the movie was made to believe that when he hears a noisy group it clicks in his mind that they are of the black community. The young boy does not know that it is wrong as he was exposed to the Disney movie that made him believe that racist stereotype.By the same token, in another Disney movie the mexican community are represented as little chihuahuas with an accent and negative stereotypes. Likewise the asian community is represented in one movie as siamese cats with slender eyes. As a consequence children who watch Disney movies are exposed to many racist stereotypical ideologies that construct negative representations. Secondly, Disney movies contains neg ative ideologies related to norms of behaviour for genders and age. How Disney portrays gender in their movies is in one of the most negative ways.Young boys and girls will watch the movies and will learn not only how to treat the other gender but also stereotypes on their own gender. Children will also learn that age is not just a number, it defines who you are as a person. Disney movies show older men as wise, smart know it alls which is all not that bad but not a truthful statement. It also shows that older women are mean, villeanous, evil, and rude which is also a false statement. Disney labels stereotypes on age groups that children believe and associate in real life.Similarly, Disney labels portrays negative ideologies of the norms of behaviour of both men and women. In fact in a very famous Disney, â€Å"Beauty and the Beast† the stereotypes are very easily seen to an educated eye but to a childs eye it's just new information. In â€Å"Beauty and the Beast† ther e are many ideologies presented, a very obvious one is how the Prince Adam the Beast treats Belle, how Belle believes she can change the Beast. In the movie Belle is treated with huge amount of disrespect, being locked in her room and told to starve, getting abused physically and verbally.Belle also thinks that even though the Beast is mean and cold hearted she can change him in to a prince charming. When a child is exposed to how Belle is treated, how the Beast is such a powerful man, and how Belle still believes she can change him, the child will start to think like it is portrayed in the movie that women do not need to be treated properly, men are the dominant, strong and brave gender, and even though women are mistreated they will keep coming back in hope to change them.As a result, Disney movies portray negative ideologies to children related to norms of genders and how they are treated and how age affects the intellectuallity and personality. Lastly, Disney movies construct a false reality of this generations culture. By implementing all the different ideologies of race, gender, age, and many others a young child is easily influenced into believing that what he sees in his/her favorite disney movie is a reality of every day life.When a child learns negative ideologies such as stereotypes of ethnicity (like the boy who referred to a group of black children has hyennas as he remembered from a movie the laughing and noise they made) they start to believe that what happens in the film is also happens in reality. Young girls especially are the most influenced as in Disney women are portrayed as always cooking, cleaning, getting verbally, physcially and emotionally abused and just taking it.Young girls start to believe that it is a reality and it is their job to do those chores and it is acceptable to be treated poorly. Disney through their movies construct a false reality of how today's generation works and destructs the human dignity. In closing, Disney movi es contain a negative representations that are racist towards ethnic groups, sexism towards the behaviour and treatment of women, and construct false realities which are destructive to the human dignity.As a result of all the the negative stereotypes, young children who do not know any better than what they see in their favorite Disney are made to think that negative ideologies such as racism and sexism are acceptable in today's reality. As a consequence children are given a propaganda by disney that they can not deconstruct since they are so young and construct a misrepresentation of society. In brief, Disney movies negatively influence children.

Achilles Achilles And Duryodhana Essay - 1294 Words

John Nguyen Dr. Chance World Literature 26 October 2016 Achilles and Duryodhana Analysis A quick comparison between the characters Achilles in the Iliad and Duryodhana in the Mahabharata suggests that they are extremely similar. Both characters are hard-headed, full of pride, and their eventual demises both occur because of a certain weakness in their invulnerability related to their mothers’ oversight. At closer glance, one notices that while they share many traits, the role Achilles plays is much different from Duryodhana’s. An examination of each character’s motives and the context of the story they are placed in reveals that Duryodhana is clearly the antagonist in the Mahabharata while Achilles appears to be the tragically flawed hero of the Iliad. Some of the similarities between the two characters are obvious. Both come from nobility. Achilles is a Myrmidon prince while Duryodhana is a Kauravan prince. Both princes are also considered to be exceptional warriors, and they are frequently complimented on their amazing fighting abilities. Achilles is described as a â€Å"frenzied god of battle† while Duryodhana is also frequently praised in his great skill with weapons such as his mace (Homer 519). While they may be great warriors, the two men often let their stubbornness and pride take rein of their emotions. When King Agamemnon snatches Briseis, a woman Achilles had captured from the town of Lyrnessus, Achilles swears that he will never again fight under Agamemnon nor â€Å"doShow MoreRelatedThe Iliad And The Mahabharata2022 Words   |  9 Pagesviolent way and  Vyasa  wrote his in a way of spirituality and took dark scenes and made them less vivid unless necessary. Homer and  Vyasa  focused on war and the people who caused it. The Mahabharata involved a war between family due to the hatred of  Duryodhana  for the  Pandava  brothers. If the date that the events occurred is correct it would place it in the Bronze Age where there were battles between different  groups. Some historians believe that one of the battles were the base of the Mahabharata but

The Significance of Sharia Law for Muslims in the UK Free Essay Example, 5500 words

Family law is Koran oriented on how individuals should treat women, children, orphans and dependents. Penal laws as provided for in the Koran provide for moral sanctions against transgressions. The rationale for Ismalic/Sharia law was to ensure that orphans, women and those who were generally characterized as dependents enjoyed an improved position. The Sharia law also sought to constrain sexual morality and to fortify the institution of marriage, to curtail vengeance and to codify moral standards. From about the 19th century onward, Islam and Western civilizations increasingly came into contact. Up until this time, Sharia law had been able to sustain and regulate the internal workings of Islamic states. However, external forces politically and socially began to manifest itself with the period of colonialism. Rigid Sharai law and doctrine of taqlid (established tradition) conflicted with the Muslim society s requirement to adhere to Westernization. In this regard, the degree to whic h Western laws were adopted among the various Islamic states depended in large part on the urgency to which specific Islamic states were required to adhere to Western conditions. For the most part, civil and commercial laws exposed the greatest weaknesses in Sharia law and were the first to be adopted. We will write a custom essay sample on The Significance of Sharia Law for Muslims in the UK or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now These areas were significant for adopting modern trade and economic systems. Some criminal penalties were also regarded as inconsistent with international human rights discourse and were abandoned in some Islamic states. These penalties included deterrence principles of law, such as limb amputations for theft and stoning for women suspected of adultery. In any event, European criminal and commercial laws were cornerstones of the 19th century Ottoman Empire which permitted the establishment of a separate system of laws for European citizens in Islamic states. 7 In this regard, modern Islamic states, for the most part, are either entirely dominated by Sharia law or ordinary laws or maintain pluralistic legal systems in which ordinary civil courts exist for the purpose of regulating non-Muslims and Sharia courts exist for the purpose of regulating social control over Muslims.